Wiesel Interview Journal

What acts of inhumanity are still occurring in the world? What lessons from the Holocaust still need to be learned? The Holocaust, which also known as Shah, was a genocide in which approximately 11 million people died, including 6 million Jews that were brutally abused and killed by the German military, under the command of Doll Hitler. This is a shameful and scandalous episode of humanity history, Is â€Å"Not of one crime but thousands of crimes done every day, not of one cruelty but millions of cruelties†, as an anonymous reviewer on Amazon stated.Ell Wisest, a survivor of this horrifying event, has published 47 books, Including his book Night which retelling his shocking experience, what he had to go through In the Auschwitz concentration camp. He later won the Nobel Peace prize. Although concentration camps have been liberated by American troops In 1945, the consequences are still there. Survivors were badly affected by diseases, starvation, etc. There are still thousands of Inhumanity actions around the globe, even nowadays.For example, a few tribes allow men to rape young girls, which is against man's rights. Also, human trafficking, torturing, school shootings, child abuse, etc. The infamous 201 2 Delhi gang rape in which the victim, Kyoto Sings Pander, was raped and murdered, died from her injuries 13 days later. This made people questioned about women's rights in India. The incident was widespread throughout India and worldwide, uprising the numbers of protests against the state and central governments.So, we know that there are uncountable crimes are occurring in the world, and many of them are not being report or uncover Like Lie said in his interview with Opera, that â€Å"We must not forget about the victims [Holocaust's victims] who had lay down, for the next generation. For ours, we hear you. † Lessons that still need to be learned from the Holocaust, are the importance of Holocaust remembrance, and the responsibility to bring war criminals to Justice. Ender each name was an identity, and beneath it was its own story. Every person has their own one, and we must not forget them. We must not forget the mass murder of 6 million Jews, including 1 million children. We must bring the murderers to the light of justice. Also, we must educate the younger generation about the Holocaust, to honor the victims' name. To throw light on the still obscured shadows of the Holocaust.To plant the seeds of the better future amidst the soil of a bitter past. To respect those survivors who are still among us, and to reaffirm humanity's common knowledge and about understanding and Justice. By hacking command of Doll Hitler. This is a shameful and scandalous episode of humanity's history, is â€Å"Not of one crime but thousands of crimes done every day, not of one cruelty but millions of cruelties†, as an anonymous reviewer on Amazon stated.

Journey to Success

Ryan N. Fischer ID 117 Art of Being Human Education Plan Reflection After completing and filling out my educational plan I have thoroughly organized the classes that I must take in order to receive my degree in Media Studies Bachelor of Arts. The educational plan helped me organize my schedule for future semesters, which makes selecting classes a whole lot easier. God forbid if I missed an appointment for creating my future schedule with my advisor, I can now have a general platform and idea of what requirements I need to take without getting extra assistance.Creating a schedule can be very stressful for me personally and knowing what I need to take makes my future a little bit more understanding and clear. Last, it showed exactly when I can receive my degree in the future, which is very helpful for formulating future goals for myself. I personally love to strive for goals and motivate myself to complete my future goals. Knowing when I can receive my degree just helps me plan better for the future and create long-term goals.The educational plan was a great way to organize my future classes and study requirements. I feel more understanding of what steps I need to take next in order to receive my degree. As well as feeling secure with my future requirements and goals, I feel very confident and excited to start my journey in order to receive the one thing that I want. The one thing that I want of course is my degree in Media Studies and I am motivated to start the next courses starting next semester in the fall of 2013.

Economy of India Essay

India is a fastest developing country in the world. India, with its diversified culture, civilization, natural resources, technology and huge skilled human resources, is also a fastest growing economy in the world. But at the same time there are several problems plaquing our Modern India which is affecting the growth and development. These problems can be broadly classified as: Socio-economic Problems Other major Problems 1. Socio-economic Problems The major socio-economic problem being faced by India is ‘Poverty’. Even after six decades of independence, the country is still fighting against this social evil of poverty. It is estimated that nearly one third of Indian population of 1.21 Billion, i.e., nearly 426 millions of people are living below poverty line. Many go without a meal a day. Though Governments are struggling hard to eradicate poverty, the increasing population and mismanagement of government schemes, have fueled the growth of poverty. The population is growing at an alarming rate. In last ten years the population has grown by 0.20 billion. The positive effects of development are nullified by increase in population. Hence there is an urgent need to curtail population growth, by adopting strict family planning programmes by government. Apart from this there is also a need to increase rural and urban employment, by better management of Government Schemes like Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGREGS), Jawaharlal Nehru Rojagar Yojana (JNRY), etc. By strict implementation of these schemes poverty can be reduced to a substantial extent. The second most burning socio-economic problem of India is ‘Unemployment’. Nearly 9.4% of Indian population is unemployed. i.e., around 120 million people are either unemployed or underemployed. This large number of unemployment is of great concern and governments are devising new and effective schemes to curb this unemployment. Again by strictly implementing MGREGS and JNRY Schemes, it is possible to reduce the rate of unemployment. Since poverty is directly linked to unemployment, the schemes and effort by government to eradicate unemployment, also helps in eradicating poverty. 2. The Other Major Problems: The other major problem faced by India is lack of ‘Quality education’. Despite governments initiative in schemes like ‘Serva Shikhsa Abhiyana’( Education For All), many children in rural India, still do not have access to good schools and quality education. Further the rural children have to work to contribute to their family income, thereby denying time for education. Despite the government’s effort on compulsory education and child labour ban, many children are still not able to go to schools. Added to this lack of quality teachers is also a cause for decline in quality education. Poverty eradication and improvements of rural schools should be a priority area of concern for governments to address this problem. The next important social problem being faced by India is ‘Corruption’ Corruption is widespread in India. It ranks 72 among top most corrupt countries in the world. In India corruption takes the form of bribes, evasion of taxes, misappropriation of funds, embezzlement etc. A study found that more than 50% had firsthand experience of paying bribe or peddling influence to get a job done in a public office. The main economic consequence of corruption, are loss to exchequer, an unhealthy environment for investment and increase in cost of government services. Apart from this Corruption also leads to an unethical society. This increases the already existing gap between poor and wealthy. This may lead to unrest and destruction of modern societies. This social evil needs to be curbed so as to bring back moral values in the society as well as to fill the widening gap between the haveones and havenots. The introduction of Lokpal Bill in the Parliament, its strict implementation and a moral fight against corruption may help in eradicating corruption in public life. The other major problem is ‘terrorism and naxalism’ this is also the offshoot of social inequality. Many youths in India, due to poverty and lack of education, have trodden the path of either terrorism or Naxalism. Naxalism though, having its root in Marxism, its main cause lies in unequal distribution of wealth. The root cause of terrorism in India is attributable to partly to Logistic fundamentalism and partly due to regionalism. If we curb these two basic issues, by removing social inequality and religious tolerance, and equal development in all the states, these menaces can be easily controlled. The above problems being faced by Modern India can not be solved just by Government Policies and Schemes, but these can be definitely addressed by people’s wholehearted participation and willingness to commit ourselves to Social values, equality and education.

U.S. Policy regarding the South China Sea (SCS) Essay

U.S. Policy regarding the South China Sea (SCS) - Essay Example The tensions are influencing – being influenced by- rising fears concerning China military power growth as well as its regional intents. China has engaged in an extensive upgrading of its forces of maritime paramilitary and naval aptitudes to impose jurisdiction and Sovereignty rights through force if the need arises. Simultaneously, China is developing capabilities, which would place US forces within the expanse in a conflict risk, and therefore, possibly refuting US Navy access in the west Pacific (Akande). In view of the growing prominence of China-U.S. affiliation as well as the Asia-Pacific expanse more largely, to the worldwide economy, the U.S. has a huge interest in inhibiting any of the numerous disputes within the South China Sea from intensifying militarily. U.S. policy goals include: I. Attainment of global norms and rules in the South China Sea, II. Attainment of regional stability and alliance security in the South China Sea, III. Attainment of economic interests and IV. Attaining a cooperative affiliation with China V. Promote Territorial Risk-reduction Measures Assessment of Current U.S. Policy Goals The U.S. has crucial interests for achieving a diplomatic resolution of disputes in South China Sea with respect to international law. With China’s exception, all South China Sea’s claimants have tried to validate their entitlements grounded on their coastlines as well as the UNCLOS’s provisions. China, on the other hand, depends on a combination of legal claims and historic rights, while remaining purposely indistinct about the implication of the ‘nine-dashed line’ all over the sea, which is drawn upon Chinese maps. The failure of the U.S. to maintain international norms and law could harm United States’ interests elsewhere within the region as well as beyond. Guaranteeing navigation freedom is another critical goal for the US as well as other regional states. As much as China maintains that, it advoc ates navigation freedom; its persistence that foreign forces seek advance authorization to cruise in its EEZ hurls doubt upon its stance. The China’s capabilities development to deny US’ naval entry to its waters in a dispute provides proof of likely Chinese intents to block navigation freedom in particular contingencies (Akande). Regional and alliance security: United States friends and allies around Southern China Sea depend on U.S. to sustain free trade, secure and safe sea communication lines and general stability and tranquility within the region. Non-claimants and claimants to marine waters and land features within the South China Sea take U.S. forces presence as essential to permit decision-formulating free of extortion. If states within the South China Sea lack self-assurance in the U.S. to aid as the major regional security underwriter, they could engage in costly and possibly threatening arms accumulations to reimburse or, otherwise, become more cooperative t o the requests of an influential China. None would be within the United States’ policy goals. Failure to assure friends of U.S. responsibilities within the expanse could also weaken U.S. security assurances in the wider Asia-Pacific area, particularly with South Korea and Japan. Simultaneously, however, the US must elude being enticed into the regional dispute—and perhaps into a clash—by regional states who seek United States’ backing to legalize their claims (Nato). Economic

The purpose of ventilatory management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The purpose of ventilatory management - Essay Example So Mr. Bryants condition did not deteriorate. Oxygen therapy, bronchodilator and antibiotic therapy worked effectively. As to the further entilatory management it is possible to use non-invasive ventilation to reduce a need of hospitalization and future complications or respiratory failure. To avoid so called late failure it is necessary to continue monitoring the patient, have an intubation available and receive NIV in a place with trained staff of nurses. Taking into account the age, lifestyle and diagnosis of Mr. Bryant all the precautions must be followed. As initial level of ph was 7, 25 it is possible to say that Mr. Bryant’s condition was unsatisfactory. Taking into consideration that patient had an acute exacerbation of COPD and a respiratory failure it was necessary to manage support ventilation by means of oxygen therapy. An effect of the therapy was positive, ph factor increased, so it is possible to say that treatment corresponded to the situation. It is also possi ble to use long term oxygen therapy during the time of hospitalization. Ventilatory management in cases of COPD and pneumonia is of a great importance. The survival of the patient and his further recovery depend upon appropriate managing respiratory failure. 6. Scientific and technological revolution provided a wide use of technology in different spheres of life. Medical care achieved a high level due to the technological innovations. The work of the medical men is speeded up and supported by means of technology.

An Immaginative and Reflective Response to Toni Cade Bambara's 'The Personal Statement

An Immaginative and Reflective Response to Toni Cade Bambara's 'The Lesson' - Personal Statement Example Mm-hmm. And you better not nurse your wounds or cry. Or she'd give you somethin to cry about. Momma didn't play. She was serious. Yes child . . . those were the days. Sylvia got it easy, she just don't know. One day she walked her lil ass off in this house with Sugar draggin behind her, and I knew somethin was wrong. She had been with that Miss Moore. Miss Moore needs to get some place and sit down, cause she ain't no better that the rest of us . . . just cause she went to college. Ump! Anyway, that child comes off in here with nuthin to say, and she always has somethin to say. She flopped down on the couch and monkey-see-monkey-do-Sugar, flopped down beside her. I didn't say nuthin either, cause I didn't know what game they were playing. Besides I had my own game to play in about an hour. I work hard all week. Weekends I want to knick my shoes off, listen to some blues, or some of that jazz they be playing up here. Me and some other mothers, from down home, get together now and then to play dominoes. We Anyway, they were talkin about some rich folks' toy store. Talkin about how much rich folks pay for their toys. They were all worked up. I first got mad. I told them that they got toys. Appreciate what you got. But they said stuff about how they didn't even know what they didn't have. And this is supposed to be the land of opportunity or some shit about the pursuit of happiness. So we shouldn't just settle for stuff like my "DOMINOES." Well when I told her I like me some dominoes, my girl said under her breath, "Yeah that's 'cause that's all you know!" "Yeah." Sylvia agreed. "Miss Moore's so-called educational trips" I glared at them with my eyebrows raised. "Miss Moore wants to teach us shit we don't know." Sugar answered as humbly as she could. I told 'em I knew I shouldn't let 'em go no where with that crazy bitch. And what I say that for "I beg your pardon!" Sylvia mimicked Miss Moore. "Miss Moore taught us what real money is. And that right now we don't have none. But that's gonna change." "Yeah baby . . . that's gonna change." I agreed with her 'cause she reminded me of why we came here in the first place. And how I can't forget that. Can't let my baby forget that neither. Yep, they say it takes a village to raise a child. Your Name 3 Part 2-Short Analysis of Continuing Education I chose to write an imaginative text from the point of view of Sylvia's mother as a response to "The Lesson". I entitled it "Continuing Education". In the response l kept the context of Bambara's "The Lesson" for the setting, the characterizations, and the voice. Although with the change in point of view, came a change in narrator. Sylvia's mother was a reliable narrator. I chose a summarized dialog to present the story more as a reflection of what might have happened in an imaginative continuation of "The Lesson". I attempted to show how the story affected the main characters and their lives. My attempts addressed some areas that were not clear, such as what went on with the mothers in the apartment that they spent time in. I wanted to provided incite to why the children were not allowed. As

Internet TV Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internet TV - Assignment Example At the same time, it will save huge cost of the viewers. The company’s aim is to deliver news instantly across its network so that it reaches the customer on demand and at the same time faster than its competitors. The internet TV model will help the company achieve this goal. In the traditional TV model, the broad casting station had to depend on the cable operator for transmitting their news to viewers. Now, this model had limitation that some cable operator might charge extra money to viewers to watch the channel which often acted as a barrier between the company and target audience. With the new O-T-T model, the company will be able to reach their customers directly through internet. The broadcasting network will receive payments from the customers directly by shifting to the new model, as it eliminates the cable operator from the picture. Such model is beneficial for both the NBC as well as its viewers as the company will be able to receive new streams of revenues that we re blocked with cable operators in the earlier model (Odlyzko, 2001, p.8). In short we can say that there will no net losers for the new model since the viewers will pay less since they are paying directly to broadcasting station and the NBC will receive greater revenues since it does not have to share its revenues with the cable operators. Action Plan for Rogers Rogers Communications Inc. is a diversified Canadian telecommunication company. The company broadcasts its network across various media including the television, radio, internet, etc. If we consider the traditional TV model which the company used to reach their customer, we will find that the model has limited scope for transmission if the company wants to be global. This is mainly because when domestic company plans to operate globally, it has to take many clearances from the promotional boards. At the same time, it will need local distribution networks. Thus, we can say that the entire process is complex as well as techni cally costly to implement that way. The company has the option to opt the O-T-T TV model that will enable the global viewers, thanks to the application of e-commerce industry. This model does not need local distributors, or foreign clearances. All a customer needs to see their favorite channel is to connect their television with internet using a set-top box. Thus, if Rogers implement this model, their organization will definitely have competitive advantage as well as cost advantage. At the same time, large number of viewers across the globe may be targeted without any troubles. The model is very simple and easy to implement. In short, we may say that Rogers as well as its TV viewers will be gainers if this model is implemented by the organization. Action plan for Bell Canada Bell Canada is a Canadian telecommunication and media company. The company’s main competitor is Rogers. With both the company’s working in same line of business, the company that will reach its vie wers faster and smarter way will be the gainer. If Bell adapts the O-T-T model, it will significantly reduce its cost of transmission as they will not have to share their revenues with the middle-men or the cable

Homosexuals in the Military Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Homosexuals in the Military - Term Paper Example These freedoms and rights are entitled to all American citizens, including homosexuals. However, behind the displayed screen of an apparently free and equal society, homosexuals cannot openly exercise some of the rights that other American citizens are allowed to. Military service is the example discussed here. Homosexuals often have two parallel lives or sides to them. In one they live openly as they please, associating themselves with whomever they please, dressing the way they want, speaking the way they want to speak and plainly living as they please just like everyone else in society. In the other, they must hide their real selves and conform to the masses in order to enjoy the rights and privileges of the average citizen or, more disturbingly, to avoid discrimination and overt hostility from others. It is the general state of things that the rights of a person end where the rights of another begin. As such, just as the right of free speech is subject to the limitation of not defaming or slandering others, the right of homosexuals to simply be their true selves and embrace their sexuality seems to be subject to the right of the masses to be shielded from behavioral aspects that they subjectively feel are immoral or unnatural. As such there are many instances where homosexuals who openl y display and even advertise their sexuality in the streets through the use of banners and advertisements are seen as offensive and many people act hostile against this, leading to discrimination. This same situation is the problem homosexuals experience while serving in the military.

Baroque and Classicism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Baroque and Classicism - Essay Example On the other hand, classicism in art is described as forms of artistic style during the late 15th century and defined as â€Å"a movement that can be defined by its attention to traditional forms concentrating on elegance and symmetry. It takes the art of the Greeks and Romans as its idea of perfection† (artrepublic). Using these definitions, the current discourse hereby aims to contrast two distinct works of art: the baroque art of Bernini, â€Å"Ecstasy of St. Teresa†, with the classicism of Poussin, â€Å"Discovery of Achilles on Skyros†. The â€Å"Ecstacy of St. Teresa† by Gian Lorenzo Bernini is reportedly found in the Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome (Khan Academy). Consistent with the characteristics and features noted from the definition of baroque art, the â€Å"Ecstacy of St. Teresa† exhibits the embodiment of movement, energy, intense spirituality and the apparent exemplified passions of the soul as could be viewed from th e facial expression of St. Teresa. The expressed flow of movement could be viewed from the intricate folds of St. Teresa’s clothes, as well as that which was worn by the angel. Since the scenario seemed to depict that the angel had just allegedly pierced St. Teresa’s heart with a spear, the image of St. Teresa was in a suspended motion that apparently vividly shows her point of ecstacy. Therefore, the art work effectively represented baroque in terms of the effectiveness of the artist in capturing the intense passion on the face of his subject, St. Teresa.

Project Management and Tran Essay Example for Free

Project Management and Tran Essay Tran was taking his dog Callie on her evening walk as the sun began to set over the coastal range. He looked forward to this time of the day. It was an opportunity to enjoy some peace and quiet. It was also a time to review events on the Ajax project and plot his next moves. Ajax is the code name given by CEBEX for a high-tech security system project funded by the U. S. Department of Defense (DOD). Tran is the project manager and his core them consisted of 30 full-time hardware and software engineers. Tran and his family fled he was 18 and used the education stipend to attend Washington State University. He joined CEBEX upon graduating with a dual degree in mechanical and electrical engineering. After working on a variety of projects for 10 years Tran decided he wanted to enter management. He went to night school at the University of Washington to earn an MBA. Tran became a project manager for the money. He also thought he was good at it. He enjoyed working with people and making the right thing happen. This was his fifth project and up to now he was batting. 500,with half of his projects coming ahead of schedule. Tran was proud that he could now afford to send his oldest child to Stanford University. Ajax was one of many defense projects the CEBEX Corporation had under contract with DOD. CEBEX is a huge defense company with annual sales in excess of $30 billion and more than 120,000 employees worldwide. CEBEX’s five major business areas are Aeronautics, Electronic Systems, Information Solutions, and Space Systems. Ajax was one of several new projects sponsored by the Integrated Systems Solutions division aimed at the homeland security business. CEBEX was confident that it could leverage its technical expertise and political connections to become a major player in this growing market. Ajax was one of several projects directed at designing, developing, and installing a security system at an important government installation. Tran had two major concerns when he started the Ajax project. The first was the technical risks inherent in the project. In theory the design principles made sense and the project used proven technology. Still the technology had never been applied in the field in this matter. From past experience, Tran knew there was a big difference between the laboratory and the real world. He also knew that integrating the audio, optical, tactile, and laser subsystems would test the patience and ingenuity of his team. The second concern involved his team. The team was pretty much split down the middle between hardware and electrical engineers. Not only did these engineers have different skill sets and tend to look at problems differently, but generational differences between the two groups were evident as well. The hardware engineers were almost all former military, family men with conservative attire and beliefs. The electrical engineers were a much motlier crew. They tended to be young, single, and at times very cocky. While the hardware engineers talked about the Seattle Mariners, raising teenagers, and going to Palm Desert to play golf, the software engineers talked about Vapor, the latest concert at Gorge amphitheater, and going mountain biking in Peru. To make matters worse, tension between these two groups within CEBEX festered around salary issues. Electrical engineers were at a premium, and the hardware engineers resented the new hires’ salary packages, which were comparable to what they were earning after 20 years of working for CEBEX. Still the real money was to be made from the incentives associated with project performance. These were all contingent on meeting project milestones and the final completion date. Before actual work started on the project, Tran arranged a tow-day team-building retreat at a lodge on the Olympic peninsula for his entire team as well as key staff from the government installation. He used this time to go over the major objectives of the project and unveil the basic project plan. An internal consultant facilitated several team-building activities that made light of cross-generational issues. Tran felt a real sense of camaraderie within the team. The good feelings generated from the retreat carried over to the beginning of the project. The entire team bought into the mission of the project and technical challenges it represented. Hardware and electrical engineers worked side by side to solve problems and build subsystems. The project plan was built around a series of five tests, with each test being a more rigorous verification of total system performance. Passing each test represented a key milestone for the project. The team was excited about conducting the first Alpha test one week early—only to be disappointed by a series of minor technical glitches that ook two weeks of problem solving to resolve. The team worked extra hard to make up for the lost time. Tran was proud of team and how hard members had worked together. The Alpha II test was conducted on schedule, but once again the system failed to perform. This time three weeks of debugging was needed before the team received the green light to move to the next phase of the project. By this time, team goodwill had been tested, and emotions were a bit frayed. A cloud of disappointment descended over the team as hopes of bonuses disappeared with the project falling further behind schedule. This was augmented by cynics who felt that the original schedule was unfair and the deadlines were impossible to begin with. Tran responded by starting each day with a status meeting where the team reviewed what they accomplished the previous day and set new objectives for that day. He believed these meetings were helpful in establishing positive momentum and reinforcing a team identity among the engineers. He also went out of his way to spend more time with the â€Å"troops,† helping them solve problems, offering encouragement, and a sincere pat on the back when one was deserved. He was cautiously optimistic when the time came to conduct the Alpha III test. It was the end of the day when the switch was turned on, but nothing happened. Within minutes the entire team heard the news. Screams could be heard down the hallway. Perhaps the most telling moment was when Tran looked down at the company’s parking lot and saw most of his project team walking by themselves to their cars. As Callie chased some wild bunnies, Tran pondered what he should do next. 1. How effective has Tran been as a project manager? Explain. 2. What problem(s) does Tran face?

Coca Colas Strategic Choices

Coca Colas Strategic Choices Strategic choices are concerned with decisions about an organisations future and the way in which it has to respond to the myriad of pressures and influences as a result of its immediate and macro environment. To this end there are three basic choices to be made as shown below. Methods for pursuing strategies The choices about how strategies are to be pursued Strategy directions The choices of products and markets available to an organisation Bases of competitive Strategy The choices as to how an organisation positions itself in relation to competitors Bases of competitive Strategy directions Methods for pursuing Strategy strategies Source: Adapted from Johnson, Scholes and Whittington; exploring corporate strategy 2008: pp217. Bases of competitive strategy This area has to do with how Coca-Cola has positioned itself in relation to its competitors. The Coca-Cola Company competes in the non-alcoholic beverages segment of the commercial beverages industry. The non-alcoholic beverages segment of the commercial beverages industry is highly competitive, consisting of numerous firms. These include firms that, like Coca-Cola, compete in multiple geographic areas, as well as firms that are primarily regional or local in operation. Competitive products include numerous non-alcoholic sparkling beverages; various water products, including packaged, flavoured and enhanced waters; juices and nectars; fruit drinks and dilutables (including syrups and powdered drinks); coffees and teas; energy and sports and other performance-enhancing drinks; dairy-based drinks; functional beverages; and various other non-alcoholic beverages. These competitive beverages are sold to consumers in both ready-to-drink and other than ready-to-drink form. In many of the co untries in which Coca-Cola does business, including the United States, PepsiCo. Inc. is one of its primary competitors. Other significant competitors include, Nestl ´e, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., Groupe Danone, Kraft Foods Inc, and Unilever etc. In certain markets, its competition includes beer companies. Coca-Cola also competes against numerous regional and local firms and, in some markets, against retailers that have developed their own store or private label beverage brands. The strategy clock: competitive strategy options High Differentiation 2 4 Hybrid 5 Focussed differentiation 3 Perceived Product/ Service 2 Low price 6 7 1 No frills Strategies destined for failure 8 Low High Low Price Source: Adapted from Johnson, Scholes and Wittington; exploring corporate strategy. 2008; pp 225 The strategy clock above represents different positions in a market where customers or potential customers have different requirement in terms of value for money. Coca-Cola has therefore taken the strategy option of hybrid, in which case it maintains its price but tries to differentiate itself from competitors. The Company has had a mix of pricing, advertising, sales promotion programs, product innovation, increased efficiency in production techniques, the introduction of new packaging, new vending and dispensing equipment, and brand and trademark development and protection. In this regard Coca-Cola has increased its annual marketing budget substantially, launched many new products, and developed a model to help its retail customers maximize their sales while it continue to plan for the future. The risk of this choice is that one could lose market share due to its low prices but then it can be tackled through economies of scale where the company produces in large quantities to cover cost and tries to penetrate different geographies as is the case of Coca-Cola. This choice has actually proved beneficial to Coca-Cola even though its market share has not grown tremendously as one would think over the last ten years but it definitely has a much higher market share than its competitors, especially Pepsi Co. This has been possible for Coca-Cola due to its recognised brand name and strong presence in so many geographies including Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and the Pacific spanning across 200 countries. Strategy direction This has to do with the scope of a company in terms of its products. Over the last few years Coca-Cola has introduced a lot of products to its portfolio, including the recent Coca-Cola zero, which sold more than 600 million cases globally. Today Coca-Cola does not only deal in non-alcoholic soft drinks, but it also makes a lot of juices and juice drinks, still and carbonated products. As a matter of fact Coca-Cola has more than 3,300 products in more than 200 countries. In general one can rightly say that Coca-Cola has gone into diversification since it has not only shifted from soft drink to juices and even energy drinks but has also ventured and penetrated larger market over the years. Diversification is simply a strategy that takes the organisation away from both its existing market and its existing products. We have therefore used the Ansoff matrix below to identify the strategy direction which Coca-Cola is taking Box D, which is diversification. The Ansoff matrix provides a simp lified way of generating four basic alternative directions for strategic development. Strategic directions (Ansoff matrix) Products Existing New A B Market penetration Product development Consolidation C D Market development Diversification Existing Markets New Source: Adapted from Johnson, Scholes and Wittington; exploring corporate strategy. 2008; pp258 Diversification happened to be a good strategic option for Coca-Cola as it helped the Company to break new grounds in business. For instance a new product like the Coca-Cola zero did so well in terms of sales. This therefore impacted positively on the companys market share. Again shifting from soft drinks to energy and sports drinks also gave Coca-Cola an opportunity of a larger market share. However diversification can be capital intensive as not all organisations will be able to cope with the finances involved since a lot of finances will be needed to go into research and development for the new product. For instance Pepsi-cola once came up with a new product called Meca cola but it wasnsuccessful and the product was withdrawn later on. Surely there will be a lot of laboratory works and feasibility studies to go with a new product and this will equally require skilled people getting involved and consequently hiring more employees so if the organisation does not have enough finances it may not be able to cope. Again the organisation which decides to diversify will put in place an adequate amount of public awareness in terms of advertisements and trainings. This may involve using news papers, television, internet etc. All these can be very enormous so diversification requires careful planning. Methods for pursuing strategies Most of Coca-Cola products are manufactured and sold by its bottling partners. The Company typically sell concentrates and syrups to its bottling partners, who convert them into finished packaged products which they sell to distributors and other customers. Separate contracts (Bottlers Agreements) exist between the Company and each of its bottling partners regarding the manufacture and sale of Company products. Subject to specified terms and conditions and certain variations, the Bottlers Agreements generally authorize the bottlers to prepare specified Company Trademark Beverages, to package the same in authorized containers, and to distribute and sell the same in (but, subject to applicable local law, generally only in) an identified territory. The bottler is obligated to purchase its entire requirementof concentrates or syrups for the designated Company Trademark Beverages from the Company or Company-authorized suppliers. Coca-Cola agrees to refrain from selling or distributing, or from authorizing third parties to sell or distribute, the designated Company Trademark Beverages throughout the identified territory in the particular authorized containers. The Coca-Cola Company has created and achieved a strategic lock-in such that it has achieved dominance in the industry. For instance many people will think of Coke once they think of using or taking a soft drink.

Marketing plan for indian bottled water company

Marketing plan for indian bottled water company This marketing plan is a part of a larger business plan that the team thought of during preliminary discussions. The idea of introducing flavored water in the market emerged from the Indias urban residents are becoming increasingly health conscious. In fact, Off-trade constant value sales of bottled water are predicted to grow by an 18% CAGR over the forecast period 2009 and 2014(source Euromonitor).FMCG players have responded by re-examining their ingredient strategies and formulations to ensure that they suit new healthy habits. Urban consumers are increasingly on the hunt for substitute for carbonated drink creating new market opportunities for an array of suppliers. The current flavored water market is highly unorganized with major manufactures being in-house chefs and roadside vendor. They supply to local hotels, sweet shops and are now slowly moving into supplying to organized retailers. We recommend the Indian Parle a FMCG giant to venture in the untapped flavored market to get first mover advantage in India. The established AquaFina brand can be used to launch the product. The end consumer is from 0 80 years as water is meant from infant to everyone. There is an opportunity to position and offer premium and differentiated water in India today. Water has to be scaled higher in terms of positioning both from functionality perspective, as well as from a lifestyle perspective. Key statistics of the Indian bottle water market: Situational Analysis The flavored market in India is small, only about Rs 11 crore out of the total bottled water market of about Rs 1,100 crore. But many small market segments have been known to explode with the entry of good products. For example, enhanced and flavored waters were just $ 234 million in the US in 2000. By 2010, the category is projected to grow to $ 8.6 billion and is the fastest growing beverage category The 2009 India Soft Drinks Report indicates that carbonated beverages consumption is declining in India for consecutive years since 2007. Packaged water growth projections, however, are in excess of 40 per cent, with still drinks (Frooti, Maaza and others) growing at under 10 per cent. Parles Bisleri, PepsiCos Aquafina and Cokes Kinley at present rule the lower end of the Indian packaged water category, priced as they are between Rs 10 and Rs 14 for a 1 litre bottle. The top end is dominated by imported brands like GroupeDanones mountain water brand Evian and Nestles sparkling water brand Perrier, priced between Rs 80 and Rs 110 a litre. Himalayan costs Rs 25 a bottle. Flavored water falls in the mid-priced segment of the bottled water category. Competition Coca-Cola is expected to launch Bonaqua. Globally, Bonaqua sells sparkling flavored water in ranging from strawberry, litchi, apple and mint to lemon and lime. Coca-Cola already sells in India the bottled water brand Kinley. Tata Tea is also looking to extend Himalayan into flavored water. PepsiCo too is believed to be planning to extend its bottled water brand, Aquafina, into flavored water. Nestle executives refused to comment. Aqua Montana India recently launched a carbonated niche drink, Slim and energy drink, Explode and is also looking to make a foray in the flavored water space. Customer In terms of the socio-economic factors, Indian lifestyle is undergoing a massive socioeconomic change, which is also being reflected in food habits. People want value for time, money in terms of quality and variety. The scenario in India is alarming with respect to increasing cases of obesity. According to a research conducted by NHFS (National Health and Family Survey), obesity has already affected 12.1 percent males and 16 percent females of the country ¡Ã‚ ¯s total population, and the percentage is growing rapidly.. The need to shift to healthy drinks from high-sugar containing beverages that can be achieved through consuming flavored water is really important to control obesity. Collaboration Parle can collaborate with the restraunts and wedding houses for placing it in their complimentary drink menu It can collaborate with IRCTC to provide bottled water in railways It can collaborate with airlines to place it in airports and provide it during travel Parle can work with the health care awareness committee like NHFS to highlight the importance of shifting from high calorie drinks to low calories drinks Channel No matter how strong the top of the mind is, brands in this category are consumed depending on shelf space availability and chill space availability. Thus it has to flood all possible channel Marketing Objectives As suggested by the Ansoff Growth Matrix, our strategy would be one of Product development and to some extent that of Diversification. This would entail the following: Increase the market share This can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to key account selling Target increased usage by potential customers, e.g. Introducing frequent buyer schemes, loyalty schemes To drive sales, we could also consider the following: Innovative product dimensions or packaging: e.g. offering combo packs, family packs, increasing pack size. Proper mix of distribution channels, e.g. making it available in up market supermarkets, kirana stores, confectionaries, canteens and railways and airlines Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments, e.g. large size packs could be sold at prices the consumers deem economical. Introduction of niche segment variant like flavored water for infant -This may require the development of new competencies and communications mix accordingly. The plan deals with the changes that can be brought about to introduce the new product, packaging, distribution, pricing and communications mix to ensure better awareness as well as capture a significant amount of the target Since we are positioning the Sheetal as a healthy substitute for other beverages, the following excerpt from Euromonitor report on packaged foods strengthens the future prospects of this product. Health-based drinks have increased in favor in 2009. Capitalizing on the social acceptance of conspicuous consumption, so long as health was not compromised, companies launched a wide array of products across categories. Products highlighting health, such as energy bars and drinks, digestive biscuits, and healthier edible oils, all found ready takers, even as brands jostled for differentiation Financial Objectives To achieve a crore plus sales in all of the 7 metros where the launch happens in the first quarter of launch. The metros where the product will be launched are Bangalore, NCR, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata and Pune. To break even within 3 quarters and make profits by the end of first year of operation The detailed calculations can be seen in the action program and execution section. Marketing Objectives To create an upbeat market for flavored market in Indian metros Become the market leader with 80% market share of organized market in the flavored segment by leveraging the first mover advantage The rationale behind the strategy and objectives set is driven by the following factors: To achieve higher market penetration in bottled water segments. Selling to markets and/or target segments not previously identified. To accelerate growth in accordance with the forecasted growth rate of the bottled water category. To nurture the brand identity and promote brand awareness through increased advertising and sales promotions. The objectives outlined above are in conformance with the company mission We are in the business of refreshing India with our products, refreshing the market with new categories and refreshing ourselves through innovation. Market Segmentation The dietary habits of busy city dwellers are gradually changing, with many giving in to convenient packaged beverages meals. There is a rising incidence of double-income nuclear families and growing numbers of single working men and women professionals with fast-paced lifestyles means. These increasingly lack the leisure or skills to prepare elaborate Indian beverages like Jaljeera/Mint Water / Mango Water . Thus, while beverages may not be able to match the taste of home food, consumers are still attracted by its convenience, hygiene and with these generally proving major draws rather than just taste. City 95 00 03 04 05 Mumbai 10,743 11,713 12,289 12,503 12,709 Delhi 8,198 9,542 10,336 10,616 10,881 Bangalore 3,690 4,186 4,483 4,589 4,696 Kolkata 4500 4568 4581 46060 4628 Chennai 4013 4184 4260 4310 4340 Hyderabad 3285 3418 3485 3526 3565 Pune 1930 2423 2735 2839 2935 Source: National statistical offices, Euromonitor International From the above data depicting the population rise in the target cities, it can be seen that the number of urban households in the major cities is about 1.72 million. If we consider the top 50 major cities in India this figure grows much higher. Double-Income nuclear families This is an increasing urban phenomenon and is buoyed by the trend of more and more couples choosing to have children much later in the marriage. With more women entering the workforce with increased focus on work life in urban areas, this trend is expected to continue. This segment is characterized by a fast paced life with little consideration for saving money. Singles Sustained economic growth and an increasing number of young professionals entering the workforce have seen a rise in the number of single member families in urban areas. Young adults are finding BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) jobs an early introduction to earning money. This segment is characterized by people with a high disposable income, busy lifestyles and relatively lower culinary skills (in particular single working men). The early adopters seem to be the singles segment, where homemade preparation for one is not considered worth the time, Supermarkets see high sales value growth Middle class Indians, with a credit card, or food coupons provided as part of their salary package have adopted organized food shopping. These shoppers are keen to take up special bulk purchase offers and deals. They also have the advantage of browsing in shops and choosing, without the intervention of the shopkeeper or salesperson. Increasingly, urban Indians are using both the local grocer and the supermarket. The groceries the preferred choice for basic food supplies and the supermarket for a wider choice of processed foods such as jams, pickles, sauces, juices and ready mixes. This is giving organized food retail high sales value growth, as these stores are selling higher volumes of value-added foods. Among the upper middle and wealthier classes, the modern retail outlets are used for basic commodities as well, as there is a feeling that the private labels offer cleaner well-picked produce than the local grocer does. As a result, there is some amount of store loyalty, as customer s prefer a particular chain. Marketing Implementation Action Programs The entire marketing program and the action plan execution is elaborated with respect to the 4 Ps in the section. We have done a consumer survey to better understand the marketing mix Product Sheetal is a forward integrated product extension to the superbly successful Bisleri which has a market share of 16% in India presently. The concept is not new. We have historical evidences that Indian Maharajas drank water with Indian Herbs to stay healthy and fit.Adding herbs to drinking water has been in vogue in many parts of our country In Kerala, in most of the hotels jeera water is being served even today Our country has a rich herbal treasure like vettiver, athimathuram, vallarai, ginger, seeragam, brahmi, tulasi, nimbu, pudina, orange, amla, narangi, hibiscus, samandhi, jasmine, etc.Thus consumers get a variety of flavours to choose from.So there would be many flavours but initial one would be Pudina Jeera Strawberry Raw Mango Medicinal herbs Tal Mishri (for infants) The product will be marketed in 4 sizes 300ml small pack , 1 litre medium packs and 25 liter large packs.The shelf life will be of 90 days without refrigeration Size Quantity Retail Price Small 300ml Rs 6 Medium 1 lit Rs. 18 Large 25 lit Rs. 400 Price One can sell their products as raw goods; value added goods, goods bundled with services or goods dramatized with experiences. Given below is the value addition that can be brought about in wheat by various levels of value add and the multiplication factor in price applicable with each value add. Value addition Flow Price of 1 litre of water = 10rs Price of flavors available in market (Rasna) = Rs. 4 Other material used like salt, sugar etc = Rs 4 Price of preparing one liter flavored drink at house = Rs 18 Our product priced at = Rs 18 Place Sheetal will only be sold in metros initially i.e. Mumbai, NCR comprising of Delhi, Noida and Gurgaon, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata and Pune. This is primarily because the target audience of this product is concentrated in these cities. The distribution channels employed for Sheetal has to be multi-dimensional as it tries to focus on a wide class of people from young working singles to mothers. Hence the distribution channels will come under 3 categories Super market chains like Big bazaar, Star bazaar etc For distributing to these chains, the proven sales and distribution channels of Parle will be leveraged. Local stores selling food items The stores selected will vary depending on the markets. In case of south India, the focus will be selling in the following category of outlets Retail outlets selling perishable food items like vegetables, milk etc These upcoming outlets are the initial form of organic stores in India. People who are looking for fresh perishable items target these stores. Confectionaries selling packaged food and snacks Bakeries are the coveted place for south Indians especially the metro class in south to grab a quick snack or a convenient packaged food. Kirana stores As both these kinds of outlets are non-existent in North, the selling will be through the neighboring kirana stores which form the ubiquitous neighborhood shopping point for the target audience. Collaboration with roadside ice cream vendors: People eating ice-cream some time to quench their thirst. If flavoured water is available they may drink it and enjoy ice cream for its taste Key Accounts Railways The IRCTC sever Rail NEER on the railways and along with those other drinks. Often the govt policy lead to ban of carbonated products. IRCTC can bank on this as a politically safe product promoting indianization Hotel Chains: The hotel chains provide chef prepared welcome drinks most often than not these are not seen as very hygienic and not taken by consumer. The flavoured drinks would be readily acceptable by the consumer Smaller restraunts : They will have thirst quencher extra apart from the usual carbonated drinks Marriage halls: The concept of Jaljeera and Pudina drink is very popular in marriages in India. They are generally prepared handmade and the stall gets overcrowded due to large preparation time. This packaged flavored water is both convenient and healthy Caterers : They get a ready to serve menu on their hand Promotion Flavored water is being introduced in India for the first time. That is why Sheetal definitely has the first mover advantage in this new niche of the market. As the positioning of the product is such that it promises to deliver the thirst quenching qualities of water, with an essence of fruit and mint flavor, it will appeal to a wide variety of consumers from age group 10 to 60. Also its medicinal benefits will make it most suitable for school going children (age 8-16) and also elderly people (age 55-70). As in this equatorial part of the world the summers are generally very long and hot, the demand for a thirst quenching medicinal beverage will definitely drive most of the sales for the year in that concentrated period in the year. As the concept of the product itself is very new, the product will require an extensive promotional program through multi channel, multi vehicle techniques. There is a need of aggressive promotional activity so as to create awareness among the consumers about the new product and communicate the values which the product offers. We have come up with following four key promotion vehicles which would be most effective in the current scenario Advertisement Sales promotion Personal selling Sponsorship Advertisement This is the most important mode of communication we would use. Following are the various tools we plan to use Television We will advertise on different primetime channel like Zee, sony, star etc. The programs will be mainly family and children programs and the timing will be family viewing timing Radio Various FM Channels like radio One, Radio City Red FM etc will be used to broadcast innovative ads in the morning and evening hours News print Newspaper dailies like TOI, Hindu, ET etc will be used to carry out ad campaign in sizes varying from 200200 ads to full page ads on weekends Magazine Magazines like India today business week etc will be targeted to convey the values to the targeted audience. Bill Board Major city crossroads will be covered under this promotional scheme to carry Posters of the products, and snapshots of the television ads to generate recall Mobile and internet These are very new channel in advertising are found to be pretty effective among the young generation of the country. Social networking sites like face book, orkut, twitter, etc can be used to carry out promotions. Sales Promotion This is just a backup for the failure of advertisement strategy. In this case several small retailers in small towns will be provided certain margin which they can utilize to push customer to try out the new product on the need basis. Well set some targets for the retailers to achieve at the end of each month and would reward the successful retailers. Personal Selling Will be putting up stalls and counters in colleges universities, malls and shopping centers. Will distribute free samples and conduct taste drives in cities to make people aware of the product. Will carry out online contest and get feedback from the customers. Sponsorship Sheetal will be promoted by sponsorships of various national and international events, both in the sporting and cultural light this will create visibility of the brand and will expose the brand to a wide audience. Well put up stalls in the event areas and distribute free sample to the consumers. We also plan to get the brand endorsed by celebrities and famous personalities to build brand image among the consumers. Annexure 1 PROFIT CALCULATION The 1st quarter sales target and the 1st year sales target from different metros are given below City Quarterly sales revenues Annual sales revenue Bangalore 5,00,00,00 2,00,00,000 NCR 5,00,00,00 2,00,00,000 Mumbai 5,00,00,00 2,00,00,000 Chennai 25,00,00 1,00,00,000 Hyderabad 25,00,00 1,00,00,000 Pune 125,00,00 5,00,00,00 Kolkata 125,00,00 5,00,00,00 Projected Revenue Projected quarterly revenue Rs. 2 crore Projected annual revenue Rs. 8 crore Project annual sales volume 44 lakhs litre Production Cost Cost of goods sold/kg Rs. 12 Annual cost of goods sold Rs. 4,80,00,000 Packaging expenses/kg Rs. 0.50 Annual packaging expenses Rs. 20,00,000 Yearly fixed cost component Rs. 50,00,000 Total production expenditure Rs. 5.5 crores Selling Expenditure Annual advertisements and promotions Rs. 1 crores Annual Salesmen commissions (2% of sales) Rs. 48 lakhs Slotting fees in first year Rs. 52 lakhs Total selling expenditure Rs. 2 crores Total Expenditure = Production cost + selling cost Gross Annual Profits = Revenues Expenditure Total Expenditure Rs 7.5 crores Gross Annual Profits Rs. 50 Lakhs Annexure 2 Questionnaire 1 .Do you drink Tap water or mineral Water for daily use? Tap 100 % Mineral 0% 2. How often do you drink mineral Water? Daily 0 % Outings 70 % Occasions 100% 3. How many glasses of water you drink daily Less than 6 30 % 6- 8 50 % More than 8 30 % 4. You drink Mineral Water Because Hygiene 50 % Taste 10 % Brand conscious 20 % 5. You dont drink mineral water because: Costly 50 % Dont feel any difference 10 % Has Water purifier at home 40 % 6. You drink which mineral water brand? Aquafina 20 % Kinley 50 % Bisleri 20 % Others 10 % 7. Have you ever tasted flavored mineral water? Yes 10 % No 90 % 8. If flavored mineral water is introduce in market do your buy it? Yes 70% No 30 % 9. Will you prefer flavored mineral water over ordinary? Yes 30 % No 20 % They are different 50 % 10. Flavors you like Pudina 30 % Jeera 50 % Strawberry 10 % Other 10 % 11. What price you are willing to pay for 1 litre 12 -15 20 % 15 -18 60 % 18 -20 20 % 12. You see flavored water as alternative of 1 Carbonated Soft Drink 30 % 2. Lassi 10 % 3. Fruit Juice 20 % 4. Homemade jaljeera 40 %

Movie Analysis of Titanic Directed by James Cameron Essay examples --

Movie Analysis of Titanic Directed by James Cameron The movie Titanic, directed by James Cameron, was a fictional story based on the true ship, Titanic. Cameron's movie was based on a love story; however, the focus of this paper will be on some of the differences between the two classes aboard the Titanic. This movie clearly portrayed how differently the first and second-class people were treated during the time of the Titanic. This can be related to many other times in American history when groups were segregated as well. The movie began by showing many second-class citizens surrounding the ship, waiting to board the Titanic. The first class had their cars driven up to the dock, beeping their horns so the second-class people would move out of their way. They were immediately escorted out of their cars, with their many pieces of expensive luggage being carried for them. The first class boarded the ship through the main, top deck, while the second class waited around while they were checked for lice and other diseases. The second class kept their belongings in one sac each and waited until all of the first class were aboard, then entered the ship through the steerage entrance. The living quarters for the upper class were lavish, with everything from fireplaces to private bathrooms. A first class room was extremely large with access to the decks, and had all the comforts of home. These rooms were located on the top of the ship, each with their own personal ...

Physics of the Violin :: physics music musical instrument violin

"String instruments have been played for more than a thousand years. Performance on string instruments has reached a level today that cannot be improved upon, and the quality of instruments built nearly three centuries ago is maintained in the best instrument made today" (Allen, 1). "The violin is a wooden resonance box that amplifies the soundwaves from the vibrations of the strings stretched across it" (Mandy). The most material for the construct the violin is wood; maple used for the back, ribs, and neck) and spruce for the top. People usually uses specific types of wood because those has tight grain, which makes strong, provide the richer sound. Since people wanted to take the violin seriously to make and play, they started to learn from the unsuccessful past to improve it. To play the violin with rich sound is necessary to violinist to have technology with the certain quality of violin. The quality of instruments built nearly 300 years ago. The quality of violin and performance is improved. The natural scientists have undertaken research into string instruments and some string-instrument builders are now beginning to take advantage of scientific methods of measurement and calculation (Hutchins 1962). The Relation between the Bow-to-string Pressure and the Moment of Fingers This is show the how the momentum will occur while people play the violin. When you put down the right hand on the bow, each fingers will give a force to down. However, the thumb, which put between the band, does give force up. This will happen at the frog of the bow. x : distance from fingers to string P : pressure a : distance from fingers to the center of gravity of bow (const.) W : the weight of the bow (const.) The bow is moved a long at a particular speed by the right hand. Frictional forces between the bow and the string alternate between sticking and sliding. And the pressure will occur at the mid-end of bow where it meets the string. As the picture shown, it will be the free-body diagram for bow. The Parts of the Violin that make its sound possible: Physics of the Violin :: physics music musical instrument violin "String instruments have been played for more than a thousand years. Performance on string instruments has reached a level today that cannot be improved upon, and the quality of instruments built nearly three centuries ago is maintained in the best instrument made today" (Allen, 1). "The violin is a wooden resonance box that amplifies the soundwaves from the vibrations of the strings stretched across it" (Mandy). The most material for the construct the violin is wood; maple used for the back, ribs, and neck) and spruce for the top. People usually uses specific types of wood because those has tight grain, which makes strong, provide the richer sound. Since people wanted to take the violin seriously to make and play, they started to learn from the unsuccessful past to improve it. To play the violin with rich sound is necessary to violinist to have technology with the certain quality of violin. The quality of instruments built nearly 300 years ago. The quality of violin and performance is improved. The natural scientists have undertaken research into string instruments and some string-instrument builders are now beginning to take advantage of scientific methods of measurement and calculation (Hutchins 1962). The Relation between the Bow-to-string Pressure and the Moment of Fingers This is show the how the momentum will occur while people play the violin. When you put down the right hand on the bow, each fingers will give a force to down. However, the thumb, which put between the band, does give force up. This will happen at the frog of the bow. x : distance from fingers to string P : pressure a : distance from fingers to the center of gravity of bow (const.) W : the weight of the bow (const.) The bow is moved a long at a particular speed by the right hand. Frictional forces between the bow and the string alternate between sticking and sliding. And the pressure will occur at the mid-end of bow where it meets the string. As the picture shown, it will be the free-body diagram for bow. The Parts of the Violin that make its sound possible:

Good to be King

A question to consider; when is it to be a King and it is not good? Answer; when the people hose the individual, but God has chosen someone else. Consider the time of Samuel when Israel desired a King. The Judges of Israel where no longer effective and â€Å"†¦ Everyone did what was right in his own eyes. † (Judges 21 :ebb ESP.) â€Å"Then all the elders gathered together and came to Samuel at Raman and said to him†¦ Appoint for us a king to judge us like the other nations. † (1 Samuel 8:4-5) God comforted Samuel by assuring him that it was not him, but God that they where rejecting.God therefore allowed Samuel to anoint the people's choice in ‘Saul' of the tribe of Benjamin. The people liked Saul, for he as tall and handsome. Basically, he looked good on the outside. I'm not sure, but I think the phrase â€Å"Don't judge a book by the cover' may have applied to this situation. In Sail's battle with the Philistines, chapter 13 of 1 Samuel, Sail's army w as heavily outnumbered and in retreat. While growing impatient waiting for God's prophet Samuel, Saul decided himself to offer a burnt offering.This event was the final prideful character flaw of Saul, and Samuel pronounced, although the Lord would have established Sail's kingdom over Israel, but instead his kingdom shall not continue. God said to Samuel â€Å"†¦ L regret that have made Saul king, for he has turned back from following Me and has not performed My commandments† (1 Sam. 15:1 la) Thus, the search for the next King the individual for someone with God's own heart had begun. The Lord leads Samuel to Bethlehem and to the house of Jesse, son of Bed, grandson to Boas.Jesse brings forth his oldest son Elba, who most likely was tall and good looking like Saul. Samuel likes Elba, but is corrected by God, who says â€Å"†¦ The Lord sees not as man sees: man looks on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the heart† (1 Sam. 1 6: 7) Jesse mutinous to bring forth all of his sons, until the youngest, who needs to be retrieved from the sheep fields, and only then is Samuel convinced that he has found God's chosen one. David the shepherd boy is brought forward, anointed with oil, filled with the Holy Spirit and proclaimed, that he is Israel's next true King.Davit's first public appearance and confirmation of his ordination is found in the Valley of Ella with the Philistines' champion named Goliath. To this very day, all things very large are labeled â€Å"Goliath†. After 40 days of what we call ‘trash talking against Saul, his army and the very God hey serve, David steps up and accepts Goliath challenge. After shedding any form Of current modern battle fatigues, David with his staff and five smooth stones from the brook, one stone for Goliath and four for anyone else who dared to came after.This amazing show of courage, by the way, is the kind of King Israel needs and fits the covenant God had stated before. After seein g what was sent forth, Goliath laughs again, yet David proceeds to verbally rebuke Goliath and proclaims the truth about the God of Israel being real and powerful. The Bible says that David used one stone and it â€Å"sank into his forehead† (1 Samuel 17:ebb). I personally witnessed a baseball player get hit in the head during a high school baseball game, granted it was only 70 MPH, and the individual was using a regulated helmet, but I believe they suffered a concussion none the less.Goliath was killed with this smooth stone that penetrated through his military issued helmet. I also personally believe that if David shot the stone in the other direction, it still would have hit its target because it was Holy Spirit filled and on mission from God to show the world, especially those in Israel, whom God has anointed to be King and that no one gets away with fighting against Israel. Davit's obedience to God's commandments along with his devotion and heart for God not only establi shed a great monarchy for Israel but an example for all other nations as well.And even though Davit's sin with Batches and very poor parental skills (I. E. , with Abyssal) are recorded for our learning, the New Testament scripture mentions David in the Hall of Faith as a positive role model â€Å"†¦ Through faith conquered kingdoms, enforced justice, obtained promises†¦ Made strong out of weakness, became mighty in war, put foreign armies to flight. † (Hebrews 1 1:33-34) The next king following Davit's death as his son Solomon who was granted an understanding mind to govern the people.

Jude the Obscure Essay

According to philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, religion is a â€Å"falsehood. † The implications of the â€Å"death of God† addressed by Nietzsche are portrayed through the characters and the plot itself of the novel Jude the Obscure written by Thomas Hardy. Nietzsche believes that religion has influenced and distorted the value of truth, the influence of morality, and the need for worship, leading people down a path of wandering. The main character in the novel, Jude, experiences many troubles throughout his life, which stem from uncertainty of his beliefs and desires. Religion seems to be the light Jude should follow, but it is actually an illusion, which leads to a falsehood of truth and meaning, morality, and the church. Friedrich Nietzsche believes that everything that made sense with God no longer exists and religion has led to the death of truth and meaning. This is a common theme in Jude the Obscure. Throughout the book, Hardy displays the feeling that religion is something that people use to satisfy themselves by giving their lives meaning. This is apparent in the main character Jude, who is an orphan constantly searching to give himself an identity. Jude gravitates towards people or places hoping to give his life meaning. His relationship with Mr. Phillotson led him to follow a religious path, believing it will help him add meaning to his life. Jude is illustrated as a wanderer, similar to those who are on the path of religion, wandering from place to place to find work and searching for his own identity. Hardy uses this allusion to convey that a religious path does not provide one true destination, but rather it leaves people wandering. The concept of morality and distinguishing between what is good and evil often causes angst and anxiety among people. Religion creates a battle of guilt and uncertainty. Throughout the novel, Jude is battling with his religious views and his deepest desires, wanting to be religious like his mentor but also fulfill his desire to stay with Sue. The guilt Jude felt about his longing to be with Sue led him to leave the church. These feelings of guilt caused Jude to move away from the Church and â€Å"betray† God, as he states, â€Å"The Church is no more to me (Hardy 237). † Religion produced a falsehood of emotions that only left Jude dissatisfied with his thoughts and actions. Religion forms an image of an attainable ideal world, but this ideal vision rejects reality. Within the novel, Jude sees in Christminster an attainable, ideal world, similar to the one people see in the Church, heaven. Hardy uses biblical references that lead readers to make a connection between the Church and Christminster. Jude sees Christminster as â€Å"the city of the light† and â€Å"a place he had likened to the new Jerusalem (Hardy 22). † Jude sees Christminster as a place where he desires to fulfill his hopes and dreams, but this wonderful world exists only in Jude’s imagination. Jude runs to religion to escape his problems and what he had hoped to achieve in Christminster was unfulfilled. His love, Sue, left him for the one who brought him to religion, and he was not accepted to any of the colleges he had desired to attend. Like Hardy, Nietzsche explains that religion and the church create a false illusion of the world, which is actually filled with many letdowns. When religion is gone and God is dead, all that is left is the love we have for one another and ourselves. Jude’s tribulations throughout the novel are linked to his internal battle of emotions towards religion and his desires. Religion is a falsehood that leads to wandering down a path towards an unattainable ideal world. Religion creates one value of truth, but according to Nietzsche and Hardy, there isn’t one single truth and it is impossible to judge the values and correctness of one group. The judgment and hypocrisy Jude felt in the novel led him down a path of unhappiness and emptiness. Jude’s realization at the end of the novel correlates with Nietzsche view on religion; one must choose his own path because when God is dead, all that is left is the individual perspective on reality.

Wired and Wireless Networks

Wired and Wireless, What’s the Difference? The main difference between a wired and wireless data communication infrastructure is the existence of physical cabling. The same or similar techniques are employed for both types of data communication infrastructure in terms of the core elements of essential network services. The basic difference between a wired and a wireless network is self-explanatory. A wired network uses wires to communicate whereas a wireless network uses radio waves. Another difference and how one technology gets an edge over the other. Wired networks are easy to set up and troubleshoot where wireless networks are comparatively difficult to set up, maintain, and troubleshoot. Wired networks make you immobile while wireless ones provide you with convenience of movement. A third difference, wired networks prove expensive when covering a large area because of the wiring and cabling while wireless networks do not involve this cost. Wired networks have better transmission speeds than wireless ones. In a wired network, user does not have to share space with other users and thus gets dedicated speeds while in wireless networks, the same connection may be shared by multiple users. One of the most common questions we have to answer on a daily basis is the difference between wired and wireless networks. Wired is the communication between two devices via cables. Wireless is the communication between two devices without cables. Now, is it that simple? Each method of networking has its own pros and cons. Wireless networks do not use any form of cable. The transmission of data occurs over radio waves just like cordless phones or the Bluetooth headset that came with that phone you purchased . There are many advantages, but the major advantage of having a wireless device is the mobility and freedom that comes with it. There is less clutter and fewer wires to worry about. But, you sacrifice in most cases on speed and security. Wired networks on the other hand have been around for some time now. Officially known today as the Ethernet, the cables usually connect these devices using CAT5 cables. The speed and security in this scenario are greatly enhanced. The latest Ethernet routers can support up to 1000Mb/s or a Gigabit/second, that’s ten times faster than the widely used 100 Mb/s router. However the overall cost of a wired network is lower and provides high performance and better security than wireless networks. As home users, wireless networks have become the choice. A wireless network saves your time and efforts in installing a lot of cables. Also, if you need to relocate a client machine in your office, you only need to move the computer with wireless network. Wireless networking is very useful in the public places, libraries, hotels, schools, airports, train stations. A drawback in the wireless internet is that quality of service, it is not guaranteed if there is any interference. Then the connection may be dropped. Wireless local area networks allow users in local area, such as in a university or a library to join a network and gain wireless access to the internet. A temporary network can be formed by a small number of users without the need of access points. Service Set Identifier acts a simple password by allowing WLAN network to be split up into different networks and each having a unique identifier. These identifiers are configured in multiple access points. To access any of the networks, a computer is configured in such a way that each is having a corresponding identifier for that network. If they match between the two computers or networks then access is granted. This is a good security method but it is mainly involved in the small wireless networks because there is more manual work is involved, entering the MAC address into the Access point. Wireless networking is very popular in home networking and more than 20 percent of homes with broadband internet are using wireless networks and this number is increasing. In a general estimate worldwide hotspots have now reached more than 30,000 and will grow about 210,000 in the next few years. Most large hotels already offer Wi-Fi and the business travelers are willing to pay for the wireless access. 802. 11 is the next Wi-Fi speed standard. It is set to offer bandwidth around 108Mbps and is still under development. With the speed of 70 Mbps and a range up to 30 miles, the 802. 1 standard, known as Wimax is sure to give a boost to wireless networking. The term wireless networking refers to technology that enables two or more computers to communicate using standard network protocols, but without network cabling. Any technology that does this could be called wireless networking. This technology, fueled by the emergence of cross-vendor industry standards such as IEEE 802. 11, has pro duced a number of affordable wireless solutions that are growing in popularity with business and schools as well as sophisticated applications where network wiring is impossible, such as in warehousing or point-of-sale handheld equipment. An ad-hoc, or peer-to-peer wireless network consists of a number of computers each equipped with a wireless networking interface card. Each computer can communicate directly with all of the other wireless enabled computers. They can share files and printers this way, but may not be able to access wired LAN resources, unless one of the computers acts as a bridge to the wired LAN using special software. Each computer with a wireless interface can communicate directly with all of the others. A wireless network can also use an access point, or base station. In this type of network the access point acts like a hub, providing connectivity for the wireless computers. It can connect (or â€Å"bridge†) the wireless LAN to a wired LAN, allowing wireless computer access to LAN resources, such as file servers or existing Internet Connectivity. That’s the different between wired and wireless network. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. http://computer. howstuffworks. com/home-network2. htm 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wireless_network 3. http://www. broadbandbuddy. com. au/wireless-broadband/wireless-networks-vs-wired-networks

Locke, Berkeley & Hume

Locke, Berkeley & Hume Enlightenment began with an unparalleled confidence in human reason. The new science's success in making clear the natural world through Locke, Berkeley, and Hume affected the efforts of philosophy in two ways. The first is by locating the basis of human knowledge in the human mind and its encounter with the physical world. Second is by directing philosophy's attention to an analysis of the mind that was capable of such cognitive success. John Locke set the tone for enlightenment by affirming the foundational principle of empiricism: There is nothing in the intellect that was not previously in the senses. Locke could not accept the Cartesian rationalist belief in innate ideas. According to Locke, all knowledge of the world must ultimately rest on man's sensory experience. The mind arrives at sound conclusions through reflection after sensation. In other words the mind combines and compounds sensory impressions or ideas into more complex concepts building it's conceptual understanding. There was skepticism in the empiricist position mainly from the rationalist orientation. Locke recognized there was no guarantee that all human ideas of things genuinely resembled the external objects they were suppose to represent. He also realized he could not reduce all complex ideas, such as substance, to sensations. He did know there were three factors in the process of human knowledge: the mind, the physical object, and the perception or idea in the mind that represents that object. Locke, however, attempted a partial solution to such problems. He did this by making the distinction between primary and secondary qualities. Primary qualities produce ideas that are simply consequences of the subject's perceptual apparatus. With focusing on the Primary qualities it is thought that science can gain reliable knowledge of the material world. Locke fought off skepticism with the argument that in the end both types of qualities must be regarded as experiences of the mind. Lockes Doctrine of Representation was therefore undefendable. According to Berkley's analysis all human experience is phenomenal, limited to appearances in the mind. One's perception of nature is one's mental experience of nature, making all sense data objects for the mind and not representations of material substances. In effect while Locke had reduced all mental contents to an ultimate basis in sensation, Berkeley now further reduced all sense data to mental contents. The distinction, by Locke, between qualities that belong to the mind and qualities that belong to matter could not be sustained. Berkeley sought to overcome the contemporary tendency toward atheistic Materialism which he felt arose without just cause with modern science. The empiricist correctly aims that all knowledge rests on experience. In the end, however, Berkeley pointed out that experience is nothing more than experience. All representations, mentally, of supposed substances, materially, are as a final result ideas in the mind presuming that the existence of a material world external to the mind as an unwarranted assumption. The idea is that to be does not mean to be a material substance; rather to be means to be perceived by a mind. Through this Berkeley held that the individual mind does not subjectively determine its experience of the world. The reason that different individuals continually percieve a similar world and that a reliable order inheres in that world is that the world and its order depend on a mind that transcends individual minds and is universal (God's mind). The universal mind produces sensory ideas in individual minds according to certain regularities such as the laws of nature. Berkeley strived to preserve the empiricist orientation and solve Lockes representation problems, while also preserving a spiritual foundation for human experience. Just as Berkeley followed Locke, so did David Hume of Berkeley. Hume drove the empiricist epistemological critique to its final extreme by using Berkeley's insight only turning it in a direction more characteristic of the modern mind. Being an empiricist who grounded all human knowledge in sense experience, Hume agreed with Lockes general idea, and too with Berkeley's criticism of Lockes theory of representation, but disagreed with Berkeley's idealist solution. Behind Hume's analysis is this thought: Human experience was indeed of the phenomenal only, of sense impressions, but there was no way to ascertain what was beyond the sense impressions, spiritual or otherwise. To start his analysis, Hume distinguished between sensory impressions and ideas. Sensory impressions being the basis of any knowledge coming with a force of liveliness and ideas being faint copies of those impressions. The question is then asked, What causes the sensory impression? Hume answered None. If the mind analyzes it's experience without preconception, it must recognize that in fact all its supposed knowledge is based on a continuous chaotic volley of discrete sensations, and that on these sensations the mind imposes an order of its own. The mind can't really know what causes the sensations because it never experiences cause as a sensation. What the mind does experience is simple impressions, through an association of ideas the mind assumes a causal relation that really has no basis in a sensory impression. Man can not assume to know what exists beyond the impressions in his mind that his knowledge is based on. Part of Hume's intention was to disprove the metaphysical claims of philosophical rationalism and its deductive logic. According to Hume, two kinds of propositions are possible. One view is based purely on sensation while the other purely on intellect. Propositions based on sensation are always with matters of concrete fact that can also be contingent. It is raining outside is a proposition based on sensation because it is concrete in that it is in fact raining out and contingent in the fact that it could be different outside like sunny, but it is not. In contrast to that a proposition based on intellect concerns relations between concepts that are always necessary like all squares have four equal sides. But the truths of pure reason are necessary only because they exist in a self contained system with no mandatory reference to the external world. Only logical definition makes them true by making explicit what is implicit in their own terms, and these can claim no necessary relation to the nature of things. So, the only truths of which pure reason is capable are redundant. Truth cannot be asserted by reason alone for the ultimate nature of things. For Hume, metaphysics was just an exalted form of mythology, of no relevance to the real world. A more disturbing consequence of Hume's analysis was its undermining of empirical science itself. The mind's logical progress from many particulars to a universal certainty could never be absolutely legitimated. Just because event B has always been seen to follow event A in the past, that does not mean it will always do so in the future. Any acceptance of that law is only an ingrained psychological persuasion, not a logical certainty. The causal necessity that is apparent in phenomena is the necessity only of conviction subjectively, of human imagination controlled by its regular association of ideas. It has no objective basis. The regularity of events can be perceived, however, there necessity can not. The result is nothing more than a subjective feeling brought on by the experience of apparent regularity. Science is possible, but of the phenomenal only, determined by human psychology. With Hume, the festering empiricist stress on sense perception was brought to its ultimate extreme, in which only the volley and chaos of those perceptions exist, and any order imposed on those perceptions was arbitrary, human, and without objective foundation. For Hume all human knowledge had to be regarded as opinion and he held that ideas were faint copies of sensory impressions instead of vice – versa. Not only was the human mind less than perfect, it could never claim access to the world's order, which could not be said to exist apart from the mind. Locke had retained a certain faith in the capacity of the human mind to grasp, however imperfectly, the general outlines of an external world by means of combining operations. With Berkeley, there had been no necessary material basis for experience, though the mind had retained a certain independent spiritual power derived from God's mind, and the world experienced by the mind derived its order from the same source. Word Count: 1374

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion Questions - Essay Example 2006 posited that the key to leadership is ‘the discipline to prioritize and the ability to work toward a stated goal’ (p.30). Hitler was certainly able to work toward his set goal. A scenario in which this style would be best suited would be the one in which members of a community are experiencing prejudicial treatment because of the color of their skin or their ethnic background. There may be a situation where individuals from a particular community are constantly being the subject to racial attacks via the media and through face-to-face interactions. One individual can arise from the group who has the qualities of a charismatic leader. This individual can influence based on his/her charm, the majority of the community members to take a specific stand against the injustice. The charismatic leader suits this scenario because in the case of discrimination, it takes someone who would be respected and revered by all to make a difference. Not only must this individual be respected by the community in which he /she belongs but also by the community that is meting out the injustices. Change is inevitable and although people are naturally resistant to change the author of this paper believes that the following strategies as cited by Kotelnikov 2008 would be effective in dealing with dissent and resistance: An employee who refuses to change after being invited to participate in the change process and after all the above strategies have been attempted would have to be directed to another organization. This individual would only hinder rather than help the new initiatives of the organization to go forward. The length of time such an individual would remain in the organization would therefore depend on the length of time it takes to complete each of the strategies decided as best by the organization to deal with resistance to change. Musser, S.J. (1987). The determination of positive and negative charismatic leadership, Retrieved February 20, 2008 from

Drug Trafficking Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Drug Trafficking Organizations - Essay Example A direct consequence of this can be seen as a surge of killing of women associated with drug dealing. It is often known called femicide(Mares, ‘The Rise of Femicide’).The Rising Role of Women in Drug Trafficking has led to ‘femicide’ in areas where drug trafficking is prevalent.The paper discusses why it is an alarming situation and what policy options could be implemented to curb this rising menace. Women are mainly hired by DTO’s only because of increasing restrictions imposed by the government. Hence, they are able to bypass security restrictions due to the widespread belief of women not being involved in such practices, due to their appealing and distracting looks and possibility of diverse ways of hiding narcotics within their bags and clothing. In addition to it, they have also been hired due tothefierce competition between rival DTO’s. However, women have not been consideredasan intrinsic element in the drug dealing industry, they are of ten disposed off, once they fulfill their assigned operations.Moreover, women are alsoassassinatedin order to pressurize the government to succumb to the narcotics industry’s demands. ... Hence, due to their increased association with drug trafficking industry, women killings have drastically increased. In Mexican states, the number of women who were murdered due to it, has tripled from 2005-2009, it has soared from 3.7 to 11.1 per 100,000. (Mares, ‘The Rise of Femicide’) This phenomenon has been prevalent in the U.S, especially in North and Central America.The Central U.S regions that were most affected includesEl Salvador, which currently has the worst femicide record in the world, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico. Majorly due to drug cartels, in Honduras, for instance, the rate of female assassinations has been increasing four times as that of men (Fox Violence against Women in Mexico, Central America). (BBC, Mexico’s Drug Related violence) The interestin g fact is that these rates have specifically rocketed in the phase when there was a surge in drug dealing activities. Hence, there is a strong correlation between drug dealing and women killings, as also recently pointed out by two Nobel Laureates,Jody Williams (R) and RigobertaMenchu (L),that the drug war has gone against women and thus, has become a war against them ( Fox,‘Violence against Women in Mexico, Central America’). In Mexico, nearly 50,000 have been killed in drug cartel-related violence since 2006. However, it is interesting to note that from 2002 to 2010, femicide in Honduras increased by 257%, the same period, which witnessed doubling of U.S government’s spending on military and police force. Similarly, although laws have been passed to safeguard the legal rights of women in Guatemala and El Salvador and task forces have been formed to specially tackle the problem of femicide, as many as 90% of the assassins are able to evade legal penalties.

Cross culture communication and negotiation Essay

Cross culture communication and negotiation - Essay Example It is important to understand the culture of the host country in order to operate effectively in a foreign country. InterNations, ND, Cross cultural training for business, Viewed December 5, 2012 from: . The above mentioned article states the essence of cross cultural training for business people who are likely to make presentations in foreign countries. There are many issues that should be considered such as the culture of the targeted audience since it impacts on their attitude towards something. InterNations, ND, Intercultural communication, Viewed December 5, 2012 from: . This article emphasises the fact that intercultural communication is not only about learning a foreign language spoken in the host country by expatriates. It also looks at other issues such as cultural exchange where people involved learn new things about the culture in the host country. Internations, ND, International business issues, Viewed December 5, 2012 from: . ... This article mainly focuses on what expatriates must know about the cultures of people in the host country. Each country has a unique culture. For instance, foreigners should familiarise themselves with the ‘dos’ and ‘don’ts’ in a foreign country if they are to enjoy their stay in that country. InterNations, ND, Intercultural competence, Viewed December 5, 2012 from: . The article mainly focuses on the aspect of competence among the expatriates in terms of grasping the cultural contexts of other host nations. This helps them to operate within the standard expectations that do not violate the norms and values of the people in their country. Kwintessential, ND, An introduction to intercultural communication, Viewed December 5, 2012, from: ,. The article highlights the importance of intercultural communication to expatriate workers. The articles examines how people from different religions and cultures come to work together and communicate with each othe r in harmony. Demand of intercultural communication skills are increasing as many companies go global. Kwintessential, ND, Cross cultural advertising, Viewed December 5, 2012 from: . This article states that culture affects everything we do in our lives. Culture also affects all facets of business and it can be seen that cross cultural advertising is influenced by the norms and values of different people. Adverts that violate the norms of other people are likely to receive negative attention by

Industry Analysis on Coach Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Industry Analysis on Coach - Assignment Example It is now recognized as a leading luxury goods producer in America with the brand image affordable luxury. The company’s current product line consists of Coach Handbags, Accessories, Wearables, Footwear, Jewelry, Sunwear, Travel Bags, Watches and Fragrance (Coach). Market Size Currently Coach Inc. is recognized as a large, profitable and growing American manufacturer of accessories and gifts for men and women. It owns approximately a 30% market share of the accessories and gifts manufacturing industry in the world. Coach Inc. has a significant influence on the accessories and gifts manufacturing industry in America. Net income and gross profit of the company amounted 353 million and 1.09 billion dollars respectively as at the end quarter of 2012 (Wikiinvest). Moreover, Coach Inc. employed approximately 18,000 people on a full and part time basis as of June 30, 2012 (Coach). Market Growth Rate Coach sales marked a sharp drop during January 2013. The company’s sales dropp ed by 2% in markets located in North America. North America is considered the largest market location of Coach Inc. It is listed as one of the largest companies in the S&P 500 stock market index. In January 2013, Coach Inc. was the largest declining company in the S&P 500 list. The company also failed to achieve the sales targets set for the same month (Cheng). Nevertheless, the company management is optimistic about the future sales because the yearly performance in 2012 recorded positive growth. During 2012, the price of the company shares rose by 20.9%; net sales increased by 14.5% to $4.76 billion, direct-to-consumer sales rose by 16.1% to $4.23 billion, comparable sales in Coach’s North American stores increased by 6.6%. Moreover, Coach opened 9 new retail stores and 26 new factory stores and brought the total number of retail and factory stores to 354 and 169, respectively, in North America. Another 10 factory stores were also expanded. Coach China opened 30 stores in n ew locations, bringing the total number of locations to 96. Coach Japan opened 11 new locations, bringing the total number of locations to 180 towards the end of 2012. Thus at this stage, it is impossible to determine whether the Coach Inc. market is declining or growing (Cheng). Score of Competitive Rivalry The company’s products are sold in over 20 countries in the world including North America, Japan, Hong Kong, Macau, China, Taiwan, and Singapore. Coach products are directly sold to the customers via company-operated stores in these countries. Direct-to-consumer is the prominent marketing strategy of Coach Inc. The company is also engaged in indirect marketing, i.e., sales to wholesale customers, distributors, licensed firms and web based marketing. For Coach Inc., the world is the market. Thus, the opportunity for obtaining the benefits of economies of scale is a major advantage for Coach Inc. However, it also faces issues relating to trading across borders such as loss in fair value, earnings or cash flows arising from adverse changes in interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates. The company’s policy focuses on reinvesting the profits earned abroad in the same country. Furthermore, Coach Inc.’ Annual Report 2012 reveals that the company uses the following distinguished marketing strategies to remain its annual sales revenues: (1) Distinctive Brand: Coach offers distinctive, easily